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Airspeed Limited
Airspeed was founded in Yorkshire by Alfred Hessell Tiltman and
Neville Shute Norway in 1931, A number of other famous names of the day were associated with the early days of the company such as Alan Cobham, Amy Johnson and Lord Grimthorpe all being listed as shareholders.
The company's first aircraft, the AS.1 Tern was a small glider created purely to gain publicity through record breaking. Launched from hillsides, it could be privately purchased for just £248 although, even at this low cost, only 2 aircraft were ever produced.
The company were initially located in a former trolleybus garage in the Picaddilly area of York where they set about trying to raise capital to develop a powered aircraft - Unfortunately their initial share issue failed and they were rescued when Alan Cobham confirmed his order for 2 yet to be designed 10-passenger aircraft. That aircraft turned out to be the
AS4 Ferry which featured an configuration of having 2 De Havilland Gipsy II engines with a third Gipsy III engine mounted on the upper wing.
Despite it being accepted as a reasonable aircraft for pleasure flights and short commuter journeys, the finances of the company and the space restrictions in York resulted in only 4 aircraft being produced.
With York Corporation apparently unwilling to invest in creating a local municipal airport, in 1933 Airspeed relocated to Portsmouth where a willing landlord offered a suitable facility including newly created factory building for a meagre down-payment of just £1,000. With very small reserves needed little convincing that it was vital to their survival.
The next 12 months were particularly difficult and they were still extremely insecure and so they became associated with Tyneside shipbuilders Swan Hunter Wigham Richardson Ltd, after which it became known as Airspeed (1934) Limited.
With an injection of both capital and resources, various aircraft designs followed including the
AS6 Envoy, AS8 Viceroy and then in 1937, the extremely successful
AS10 Oxford (of which over 8,500 were produced).
With the outbreak of war in September 1939, Airspeed found themselves with a range of aircraft which did not meet the beckoning requirements of the RAF and in 1940 it was announced that
De Havilland Aircraft Company Limited had purchased a controlling interest in Airspeed (1934) Limited.
The firm continued to operate and market its products under its own name, and due to their now firm relationship with the various hierarchy within the Air Ministry, Airspeed (1934) Limited were brought in to manage the Ministry of Aircraft Production factory at Christchurch, where it built nearly 700 of the 3,600
Horsa Gliders that were used to such great effect before and during the D-Day landings.
In 1944, the company reverted to its original name of Airspeed Limited and in addition to the production of various De Havilland Types such as the
De Havilland Mosquito,
De Havilland Sea Vixen and
De Havilland Vampire , it concentrated on the development of the
AS57 Ambassador .
23 Ambassador aircraft were produced, with the primary user being British European Airways (BEA) on their ‘Elizabethan Routes’.
BEA Elizabethan Service passengers boarding for a flight to Paris
The last aircraft marque to carry the Airspeed designation was the
AS65 Consul, a type which flew in 1946 and was a direct development of the Airspeed Oxford, dating from the 1930's.
The company produced 162 aircraft which saw service with smaller airlines around the world and with a number entering military service with both the RAF and Israeli Air Force. Airspeed Limited was fully merged into the De Havilland Aeroplane Company in June 1951 and thus the name disappeared from aviation production.
Genealogy
| 1931 | Airspeed Limited |
| 1934 | Airspeed (1934) Limited |
| 1940 | Purchased by De Havilland Aircraft Company Ltd but retained name |
| 1951 | De Havilland Aeroplane Company |
| 1963 | Hawker Siddeley Aviation |
| 1977 | British Aerospace |
| 1999 | BAE Systems |
Aircraft
| 1931 | AS1 Tern | 1937 | AS30 Queen Wasp |
| 1932 | AS4 Ferry | 1940 | AS39 Fleet Shadower |
| 1933 | AS5 Courier | 1941 | AS45 Cambridge |
| 1934 | AS6 Envoy | 1941 | AS51 Horsa I / AS58 Horsa II |
| 1934 | AS8 Viceroy | 1946 | AS65 Consul |
| 1937 | AS10 Oxford | 1947 | AS57 Ambassador |
Products
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1956
Airspeed AS65 Consul
A successful civil conversion of the Oxford, meeting a post-war need for a light civil transport aircraft.
1956
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1941
Airspeed Horsa Glider
Airspeed's Glider was critical to the success of the Allied Forces during the D-Day landings.
1941
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1937
Airspeed AS10 Oxford
A British Commonwealth Aircrew Navigational and Radio Communications Trainer during World War II.
1937
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1937
Airspeed AS30 Queen Wasp
An attractive Cheetah-powered cabin biplane intended for use as an unmanned target aircraft.
1937
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1934
Airspeed AS6 Envoy
A successful commercial aircraft that was later developed into the Oxford aircrew and navigation trainer for the RAF.
1934
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1933
Airspeed AS5 Courier
The Courier was the first British private aircraft to be fitted with flaps and to have an undercarriage that retracted into the wings.
1933
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